Informative and corrective responsive packaging: Advances in farm-to-fork monitoring and remediation of food quality and safety

Microbial growth and fluctuations in environmental conditions have been shown to cause microbial contamination and deterioration of food. Thus, it is paramount to develop reliable strategies to effectively prevent the sale and consumption of contaminated or spoiled food. Responsive packaging systems are designed to react to specific stimuli in the food or environment, such as microorganisms or temperature, then implement an informational or corrective response. Informative responsive packaging is aimed at continuously monitoring the changes in food or environmental conditions and conveys this information to the users in real time. Meanwhile, packaging systems with the capacity to control contamination or deterioration are also of great interest. Encouragingly, corrective responsive packaging attempting to mitigate the adverse effects of condition fluctuations on food has been investigated. This packaging exerts its effects through the triggered release of active agents by environmental stimuli. In this review, informative and corrective responsive packaging is conceptualized clearly and concisely. The mechanism and characteristics of each type of packaging are discussed in depth. This review also summarized the latest research progress of responsive packaging and objectively appraised their advantages. Evidently, the mechanism through which packaging systems respond to microbial contamination and associated environmental factors was also highlighted. Moreover, risk concerns, related legislation, and consumer perspective in the application of responsive packaging are discussed as well. Broadly, this comprehensive review covering the latest information on responsive packaging aims to provide a timely reference for scientific research and offer guidance for presenting their applications in food industry.     

A grid-based risk screening method for fire and explosion events of hydrogen refuelling stations

As hydrogen is a comparatively less safe fuel compared to conventional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, major accidents such as explosions and fires at hydrogen refuelling stations close to residential areas may lead to catastrophic consequences. It is difficult for a traditional quantitative risk analysis (QRA) method to efficiently assess human safety in a large region that includes not only the hydrogen refuelling station but also nearby commercial and residential areas. Therefore, a grid-based risk mapping method has been developed to enable efficient and detailed risk screening of such large areas. The target area is divided into a number of grids of an appropriate size, and a risk analysis is conducted for each grid. A total risk map can be depicted based on the risk evaluations of all grids, and a detailed risk assessment can then be applied to the most hazardous grids. Meanwhile, in order to consider multiple consequences and the complex interrelationships between risk factors, a Bayesian network (BN) model is implemented for the proposed method. At the same time, to reduce uncertainties caused by a shortage of data, three kinds of data—practical information, computational simulations and subjective judgements—are involved in the quantification of the proposed BN. The results from the case study show that the proposed method is capable of effectively conducting risk screenings for large and complex situations.     

基于项目的电类课程过程性考核模式的探索与应用

目前高等学校的考核方式存在一定的弊端:考试内容中记忆成分占比较大、考试形式单一、一次考试定成绩、考试反馈不够等等,因此应该加大过程性考核的比例,增加平时成绩的占比,注重学习过程中对知识的积累,针对电类课程特点,课程具有实践性、工程性、创新性,因此探索基于项目的过程性考核方式,促进以学为中心的教学方式,克服教师的满堂灌的现象,提高学生的创新实践能力。     

不同降雨入渗条件下预应力锚索加固边坡稳定性分析

为了研究不同降雨条件下边坡安全系数及预应力锚索轴力变化规律,以省道S303沿线某边坡为研究对象,考虑土体饱和-非饱和渗流与非饱和强度理论,基于有限元分析,对不同降雨工况下的孔隙水压分布、锚索轴力及采用强度折减法计算的边坡安全系数变化规律进行了研究。结果表明: 降雨量一定时,降雨入渗范围随雨强增大而减小,暂态饱和区域随雨强增加而增大; 边坡在加固前后的安全系数均随降雨量增加而不断减小,采用预应力锚索加固能有效提高边坡安全系数,并减小降雨对边坡稳定性的影响; 随着降雨量增加,各锚索轴力均增大,当降雨量一定时,雨强越小,对应的锚索轴力提升幅度越大,靠近底部的锚索轴力对降雨最为敏感。     

矿井内因火灾的安全评价研究--基于熵值法和突变理论

针对矿井内因火灾的突发性、不确定性和高危害性等特点,提出熵值法和突变理论相结合的矿井内因火灾安全评价方法。选取人、物、环境和管理4个方面的因素建立了4级共20个评价指标的矿井内因火灾安全评价指标体系,运用熵值法判断各个指标的权重,利用突变级数法计算突变级数值,避免了单一熵值法主观人为赋权的弊端。以陕西省红石岩煤矿为例,运用该评价方法对其进行了内因火灾安全评价,其评价结果符合该矿井的安全状况,验证了该评价方法的可行性、实用性。     

Distribution of POPs,pesticides and antibiotic residues in organic honeys from different production areas

Demand for honey is increasing, especially if it is organic and if its nutritional properties are linked to untreated environments in order to guarantee quality for health. Sources of contamination of honey can be divided into environmental and apicultural. Therefore, the distribution of persistent organic pollutants, pesticides and antibiotic residues from geographical areas with different contamination sources (high anthropic impact, intensive farming, husbandry and low anthropic impact) was investigated in order to confirm the potential transfer of xenobiotics into the supply chain and to give beekeepers tools for the selection of areas dedicated to organic production. The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ether and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was confirmed, not only in proximity to highly urbanised centres, where the concentrations were higher, but in all environment contexts, confirming their ubiquity. No antibiotics or neonicotinoids were detected in 95 organic honeys, demonstrating the absence of apicultural treatments and consequently the good quality of honey of different areas. These results are important due to the undefined regulatory European situation on honey antibiotic limits.     

浅析食品道德责任对食品安全的影响

随着人民群众生活水平不断提高, 食品安全问题也越来越受到社会各界的关注。若要全面、彻底地解决食品安全问题, 不仅需要运用强有力的法制手段, 还必须要从社会道德重构方面着手。本文对当前国内食品安全社会道德责任的缺失现状进行了简要地介绍与论述, 并结合具体的案例来探索造成食品安全频频发生的原因, 最后从道德责任的角度来确定食品安全问题的解决办法, 以供相关从业人员参考、借鉴。     

水电工程下泄生态基流常用计算方法及软件开发

为了分析及确立生态基流,为水电工程环境影响评价提供依据,针对水电工程生态基流估算及决策过程繁复等问题,以2001—2015年水电工程环境影响评价及相关法律法规为基础,分析我国生态基流管理实践中使用最广泛的4种计算方法,即Tennant法、月基本流量法、最小流量法及7Q10法,并编制生态基流决策支持软件,并应用软件在汉江流域进行实例验证。结果表明,该软件能够提供多种计算方法及对比分析功能,可为水电工程下泄生态基流计算及决策提供计算平台。4种计算方法在汉江流域计算结果差异较大。总体而言,干流适合最小流量法及Tennant法,支流适合Tennant法。研究成果具有较大的实际应用和推广价值。     

Simplified partitioning model to simulate high pressure under-expanded jet flows impinging vertical obstacles

Various reduced-order models have been developed to quickly model high pressure underexpanded jets. One example is the two-layer partitioning model which was developed to model underexpanded jets, but it has not been evaluated for high pressure jets with obstacles in the jet flow region. This research describes an improved two-layer partitioning model based on the Abel-Noble equation of state that is applied here to model horizontal jet flows impacting a vertical obstacle with validations against high pressure gas experiments, full CFD simulations and a revised notional nozzle model based on the Abel-Noble equation of state. The improved two-layer partitioning model accurately predicts the gas concentrations on the obstacle for a 15 MPa underexpanded jet while consuming much less computational resources and time compared with the full CFD simulation.     

Application of the novel Droplet digital PCR technology for identification of meat species

The authenticity and traceability of meat products are issues of primary importance to ensure food safety. Unfortunately, food adulteration (e.g. the addition of inexpensive cuts to minced meat products) and mislabelling (e.g. the inclusion of meat from species other than those declared) happens frequently worldwide. The aim of this study was to apply a droplet digital PCR assay for the detection and quantification (copies μL⁻¹) of the beef, pork, horse, sheep, chicken and turkey in meat products. The analysis conducted on commercial meat showed the presence of traces of DNA from other animal species than those declared. We show that the method is highly sensitive, specific and accurate (accuracy = 100%). This method could be adopted by competent food safety authorities to verify compliance with the labelling of meat products and to ensure quality and safety throughout the meat supply chain, from primary production to consumption.